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Dealing with insomnia, and at the same time having a sleep aid that acts fast can really be the deciding factor of having a good day or a day spent in a fog like a zombie. Zopiclone and Zolpidem are the first names that pop into the mind when talking about short-term sleep medications; they get rid of your sleep problems in no time at all. However, they are the part of the drug class that is meant to put you to sleep.
But in terms of quickness, who gets to the sleep first? Let's take a closer look at the scientific aspects of these two large sleep medications to see which one can put you to sleep quicker.
Let's start mentioning speed and then cover the basics, the tablets themselves. The amis of Zopiclone and Zolpidem are sometimes referred to, with a family of medicines, simply as "Z-drugs". They are chemically in a different class, though, not that of older sedatives (like benzodiazepines), but together with the latter, they can shut down brain's activity enough for sleep to take over.
Usually, doctors prescribe them for a short time, just a few weeks more or less, to along with other techniques make -policies, which leads to the trilogy of chronic sleeplessness being broken, thus they are the fast-acting temporary fix when sleep has gone completely AWOL.
Z-drugs have different profiles each of them being a distinct chemical despite carrying out the same basic function (helping you sleep), and their features like the time to kick in and the most important one, the time they take to get out of your body are not the same.
Zolpidem is usually the preferred medication for those who have difficulty falling asleep - i.e. actually going to sleep when they first get into bed. Its chemical composition allows for speedy absorption into the bloodstream.
It has a shorter duration of action overall. That is to say, Zolpidem can be compared to the high-speed train that takes you to your destination (sleep) quickly and does not stay long at the station. This is a significant reason why many workers choose it if they need to be completely alert soon after waking up.
Zopiclone is fast-acting, too, but its chemical nature often grants it a slight edge over the others in terms of longevity in the body. It is a great aid for people suffering from sleep initiation problems but sometimes, it is also the drug of choice for treating insomnia characterized by frequent awakenings in the middle of the night.
It has a slightly longer duration of action than Zolpidem, and it can be compared to a comfort blanket that helps keep you asleep for a longer part of the night. But on the other hand, this longer duration also brings along the main drawback which we will discuss in the half-life section.
The main question here is, even though both drugs are meant to be fast, Zolpidem is the one that has the upper hand, though by a very slight margin.
To find out the reason for this, we should discuss two scientific terms: Onset of Action and Time to Peak Concentration (Tmax).
Onset of Action is the moment when the effects first appear, when drowsiness starts to set in. The case is the same for Zolpidem and Zopiclone. This happening is really fast, in most cases between 15 to 30 minutes. After taking one of the tablets, you should be in bed and ready for sleep in about half an hour.
The Tmax is the more important measure in the whole scenario of fastest effect, as it is characterized by the time period in which the drug blood concentration reaches its highest level. This is when the maximum effect of the drug on the brain GABA receptors is experienced.
Zolpidem Tmax: Generally, oral tablets reach peak concentration in about 1 to 2 hours.
Zopiclone Tmax: Generally, oral tablets reach peak concentration in approximately 1.5 to 2.5 hours.
The differences in the onset are minor, practically the same (you will be sleeping under 30 minutes with both), but Zolpidem achieves its utmost speed and its strong effect just a little earlier than Zopiclone. For someone who has to go from fully awake to totally asleep in no time, Zolpidem has a tiny edge in absorption speed.
It is necessary to bear in mind that the rate of drug action can be changed according to the method of drug delivery. Some types of Zolpidem are available in oral spray or sublingual tablet (placed under the tongue) forms. These forms avoid the stomach and are direct to the absorption through the mouth's mucous membranes. In such cases, the Tmax is very much reduced, and possibly these particular formulations are the fastest acting sleep aids available. An ordinary oral tablet, on the other hand, needs the pill to first be digested before the absorption process can begin.
Speed might be only a part of the story. The time when the effect of the drug dissipates, known as half-life, gives a strong indication of the type of sleep you are going to get and, more importantly, how you are going to feel the next day. Half-life is the duration the drug takes to get to a point in your body where it is no longer considered effective.
Half-Life: Approximately 2.5 to 3 hours.
Implication: Zolpidem quick metabolism and elimination make it a sleep inducer primarily. It is very effective in getting you to sleep but may be too short for people who wake up at 4 AM and can't fall asleep again. The positive side of the quick exit is a lot less possibility of experiencing the next-day "hangover effect." You will not experience being groggy, slow, or sedated when you wake up.
Half-Life: Approximately 5 to 6 hours.
Implication: The drug's longer half-life means that it will be active in your body during the entirety of the eight-hour sleep window, which is the typical duration of sleep for many people. This makes it a better option for those who have trouble staying asleep. However, on this path, the greater risk of the dreaded residual effect is the downside. If you take Zopiclone and manage to sleep only for six hours, there is a high likelihood that you will get up feeling fuzzy, dizzy, or generally sedated as a result of the residual drug in your system.
Zolpidem has a slightly faster peak, while Zopiclone gives a longer effect. The decision between the two usually comes down to whether you just want to get inside the place (Zolpidem) or you also want to manage staying put once you are inside (Zopiclone)?
In the race between Zopiclone and Zolpidem, Zolpidem typically has a small edge in getting you to its maximum speed the fastest. Zopiclone, on the other hand, holds its effect for a longer period, thus being more effective for the whole night's sleep.
But there is a golden rule for sleep aids: there is no universal remedy. The same drug that works quickest and best for one person might have the opposite effect on another with regard to unpleasant side effects. Both drugs are strong, but they are meant for short-term use only, and they will both remain a risk of addiction and other side effects, which are not a solution for chronic cases of insomnia in the long run.